During the monsoon season, particularly when heavy rains cause waterlogging and flooding, snakes are often forced out of their natural habitats and burrows. This leads to a higher incidence of snake encounters and bites in residential areas, gardens, and relief camps across Kerala.
A snakebite is a medical emergency that requires calm, immediate, and correct action. Unfortunately, many traditional or unverified first-aid practices can cause more harm than good. Understanding the right steps can save a life and prevent severe complications.
Immediate first aid: What to do
The most critical step after a snakebite is to keep the victim as calm and still as possible. Panic and movement increase the heart rate, which can cause the venom to spread faster through the bloodstream. Have the person lie down or sit comfortably with the bitten limb kept at or slightly below the level of the heart.
Remove any tight clothing, watches, rings, or jewelry from the bitten limb immediately, as significant swelling can occur quickly. Wash the bite area gently with soap and water if available, but do not scrub or press on the wound. Arrange for immediate transport to the nearest hospital equipped with anti-snake venom (ASV).
Dangerous mistakes: What to avoid
Do not attempt to suck the venom out with your mouth or any device. This is a myth popularized by movies and is highly dangerous. Do not make cuts or incisions over the bite marks, as this can lead to severe bleeding and infection. Do not apply ice, hot packs, or any chemicals to the wound.
Avoid tying a tight tourniquet (like a rope or tight cloth) above the bite. While it was once recommended, a tight tourniquet can cut off blood supply completely, leading to tissue death and potential amputation of the limb. Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink, especially alcohol or pain medications, as these can mask symptoms or accelerate venom absorption.
Recognizing warning signs
Not all snakebites are venomous, but every bite must be treated as a potential emergency. Symptoms of a venomous bite may include severe burning pain at the site, rapid swelling, difficulty breathing, drooping eyelids, blurred vision, excessive salivation, and unexplained bleeding from the gums or wound.
Even if the bite seems minor or there is no immediate pain, medical observation is necessary. Some venoms, particularly from kraits, may not cause significant local pain or swelling but can lead to severe neurological symptoms hours later.
Prevention during the rainy season
Prevention is always better than cure. Keep the surroundings of your house clear of tall grass, debris, and firewood piles where snakes might hide. Use a torch and wear closed shoes or boots when walking outside at night or in flooded areas.
If you spot a snake, do not try to handle or kill it yourself. Slowly back away and give it space to escape, or call a professional snake rescuer. During post-flood cleaning, be extremely cautious when moving large objects or entering closed, dark spaces.
Frequently asked questions
Should I try to catch the snake to show the doctor?
No. Trying to catch or kill the snake wastes valuable time and puts you at risk of a second bite. A quick photo from a safe distance is helpful, but doctors can treat the bite based on symptoms without seeing the snake.
Is tying a cloth tightly above the bite helpful?
No, a tight tourniquet can cause severe tissue damage by stopping blood flow entirely. Immobilizing the limb and staying calm is the correct approach.
Are all snakes in Kerala venomous?
No, the majority of snakes are non-venomous. However, since it is difficult for untrained individuals to identify them, every bite should be treated as a medical emergency.
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